The principle of a structural transformer is based on the law of electromagnetic induction. It achieves voltage, current, and impedance transformation through a specific combination of the iron core and windings. Its core is the transfer of energy between the primary and secondary coils using alternating magnetic flux.
1. Basic Working Principle: Electromagnetism Generates Electromagnetism
When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary winding of the transformer, an alternating magnetic flux is generated in the iron core. This changing magnetic field passes through the closed iron core and couples to the secondary winding. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an electromotive force is induced in the secondary winding. If a load is connected to the secondary side, a current is formed, realizing the transfer of electrical energy.
2. Impedance Transformation and Electrical Isolation
In addition to its transformation function, a structural transformer also possesses:
Impedance Transformation: By adjusting the turns ratio, the load impedance is "reflected" back to the primary side, achieving power supply and load matching and improving transmission efficiency. For example, transformers are used in tube amplifiers to drive low-impedance speakers.
Electrical isolation: There is no direct electrical connection between the primary and secondary windings, but only magnetic field coupling, which enhances safety and is often used in medical equipment and industrial control systems.
